1. SQL 关键字不区分大小写
对象名和列名不区分大小写
引用字符值区分大小写
SQL语句可分布在多行上,以空格和换行符分隔
2. 查询所有列
select * from 查找表名
在Select语句后指定列名
select 列名1,列名2,列名3 from 查找表名;
3. Where 语句
用于指定条件子句,当条件为TRUE,返回满足条件的数据,如果条件为FALSE,不返回数据。编写子句时合,需要使用各种比较操作符
3.1 Where句子中使用数字
可用单引号引住,也可直接使用
select * from fp_xs t where t.dj = 17;
select * from fp_xs t where t.dj = '17';
3.2 Where句子中使用字符
必须用单引号引住
Char数据类型存储数字时,可省略
select * from dj_nsrxx t where t.nsrsbh = '530112734313217';
3.3 where 子句中使用is null
select * from fp_yj t where t.je is null;
3.4 where 子句中使用in
当列或表达式匹配列表中的任一值时,返回满足条件的值
select * from 查找表名 where 查找列 in(值1,值2);
3.5 where 子句中使用like 含糊查找
%:表示0到多个字符
_: 表示单个字符
模糊查询中含有两个通配符时,需用escape指定转义字符
select * from 查找表 t where查找列 like '%铜业%'; //表示在查找列中包含铜业的数据
3.6 where 子句中使用逻辑操作符
select * from 查找表 where 查找列 = '420'or查找列= '175'; //查找列等于420或者175
3.7 order by子句 指定结果如何排序:升序:ASC;降序:DESC
Select * from student order by SNAME
4. update语句 修改语句
UPDATE table SET newvalue WHERE criteria
// 把修改表中SNO=99对应 score的值修改成65
Update 修改表 set score=65 where sno= ‘99’
5. insert into语句
INSERT INTO <表名> (<字段列表>) values (<值列表>)
//将数值1,值2,值3赋值给插入行sno,cname,score
Insert into Curse (sno,cname,score) values (‘值1',’值2’,值3)
//将数值1,值2,值3赋值给插入行 (赋值必须给插入所有的值进行赋值)
Insert into Curse values (‘值1',’值2’,值3)
6. delete from语句
删除指定数据。
delete from <表名> where <条件>
//从名单中删除‘王五’
Delete from student where sname= '王五'
//将删除学生表中所有记录
Delete from student
7.创建一个数据表
//myTable1为要添加的数据表,PKeyMyId1添加数据的索引,myId,myName,myAddress,myBalance为添加的添加的数据。
string sql = "CREATE TABLE myTable3" + "(myId INTEGER," +"myName CHAR(50), myAddress CHAR(255), myBalance FLOAT)";
private void CreateData()
{
// 打开连接
SqlConnectionStringBuilder SqlConStr = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
SqlConStr.DataSource = ".";
SqlConStr.InitialCatalog = "demo";
SqlConStr.Password = "123456";
SqlConStr.UserID = "sa";
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(SqlConStr.ToString());
conn.Open();
//myTable1为要添加的数据表,PKeyMyId1添加数据的索引,myId,myName,myAddress,myBalance为添加的添加的数据。
string sql = "CREATE TABLE myTable3" + "(myId INTEGER," +"myName CHAR(50), myAddress CHAR(255), myBalance FLOAT)";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
//添加数据
private static void AddData(TextBox tbox)
{
//连接字符串内容构造
SqlConnectionStringBuilder sqlConStr=new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
sqlConStr.DataSource = "."; //连接数据源,如果是本机可以设置为'.'和127.0.0.1
sqlConStr.InitialCatalog = "demo"; //数据库名称
sqlConStr.UserID = "sa"; //用户ID
sqlConStr.Password = "123456"; //用户密码
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(sqlConStr.ToString());
//直接
//SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection("server=.;database=demo;user=sa;pwd=123456");
sqlConn.Open();//打开连接
string time = DateTime.Now.ToString();
//需要执行的SQL语句 [demo].[dbo].[Table1]中,demo为数据库名称,dbo固定,Table1为表格名称
//数据在()中用,隔开,数据用‘号
String sqlStr = "insert into [demo].[dbo].[Table1] values ('yumu','12','34','88')";
//创建用于执行sql语句的对象
//参数1:sql语句字符串,参数2:已打开的数据连接对象
SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, sqlConn);
//执行SQL指令
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
//查询数据
private static void Query( ListBox Lbox)
{
//构造连接字符串
SqlConnectionStringBuilder scsb = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
scsb.DataSource = ".";
scsb.InitialCatalog = "demo";
scsb.UserID = "sa";
scsb.Password = "123456";
//创建连接 参数为连接字符串
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(scsb.ToString());
//打开连接
sqlConn.Open();
//需要执行的SQL语句
String sqlStr = "SELECT * FROM [demo].[dbo].[Table1] where name = 'Li'";
//创建用于执行sql语句的对象
//参数1:sql语句字符串,参数2:已打开的数据连接对象
SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, sqlConn);
//接收查询到的sql数据
SqlDataReader reader = sqlComm.ExecuteReader();
//读取数据
while (reader.Read())
{
// 可以使用数据库中的字段名,也可以使用角标访问
Lbox.Items.Add(reader["name"].ToString() + reader["age"].ToString());
}
}
//删除数据
private static void DelData(TextBox tbox)
{
//构造连接字符串
SqlConnectionStringBuilder scsb = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
scsb.DataSource = ".";
scsb.InitialCatalog = "demo";
scsb.UserID = "sa";
scsb.Password = "123456";
//创建连接 参数为连接字符串
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(scsb.ToString());
//打开连接
sqlConn.Open();
//需要执行的SQL语句
//"Delete from Categories where CategoryID="+TextBox1.Text;
//String sqlStr = "insert into [demo].[dbo].[Table1] values ('hhghh','8988')";
String sqlStr = "delete from [demo].[dbo].[Table1] where name='yumu'";
//创建用于执行sql语句的对象
//参数1:sql语句字符串,参数2:已打开的数据连接对象
SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, sqlConn);
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
//读取数据
}
//更新
private static void UpdateData1()
{
//构造连接字符串
SqlConnectionStringBuilder scsb = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
scsb.DataSource = ".";
scsb.InitialCatalog = "demo";
scsb.UserID = "sa";
scsb.Password = "123456";
//创建连接 参数为连接字符串
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(scsb.ToString());
//打开连接
sqlConn.Open();
//需要执行的SQL语句
//"Delete from Categories where CategoryID="+TextBox1.Text;
//String sqlStr = "insert into [demo].[dbo].[Table1] values ('hhghh','8988')";
String sqlStr = "update [demo].[dbo].[Table1] set age='99' where name='Li'";
//创建用于执行sql语句的对象
//参数1:sql语句字符串,参数2:已打开的数据连接对象
SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, sqlConn);
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
//读取数据
}